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Official Low GOP topic
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  • BraamokievBraamokiev
    @APXmusic
    - which one?
  • APXmusicAPXmusic
    After all the shooting I did in Tokyo, Kae's settings (modified to a lower 50mbps) were very stable. I think I am going to be using 6 GOP for extra stability for the time being.
  • kaekae
    @cbrandin

    FWIW, I always found a GOP of 6 was more stable on the GH1 and probably the GH2. When using GOP6 with the 1080p 24N hack on the GH1 I found the auto focus on the 14-140 was a helluva lot faster than a 3 GOP. It's true to a lesser extent on the GH2. Could never figure that out...
  • cbrandincbrandin
    Thanks

    The reason I ask is that I am researching buffering issues. I'm not so interested in which is better, I'm just trying to identify buffer issues vs. GOP structure. Problems could manifest themselves as stability issues, or quality issues when shooting detailed scenes.

    Chris
  • kaekae
    @telkitachki

    65m at 3 is max. At 1 it's too much trouble (very unstable) and the film look of 1 isn't that much different, if at all, so I see no point. The 3 GOP with one I frame and two B frames is really, really nice and good enough for anything I'd ever want to do. What I would rather have is 4:2:2 but so far that's a pipe dream unless Vitaliy can hack the hdmi out to make it work like sdi on the af100.
  • kaekae
    @cbrandin

    3,6 and 12 work with same settings. Haven't tried 9. 6 is probably more stable.
  • cbrandincbrandin
    Is there a difference in stability between GOP 3 and GOP 6? Can you use the same settings (excepting the GOP entry)?

    Chris
  • APXmusicAPXmusic


    Shot with the Panasonic 7-14mm lens @ f12 ISO 320

    File: E:\temp\Hiroumi Interview\Harajuku Trains.MTS
    Size = 210,548,736 Bytes (1,096,608 Packets)
    Stream: Max Speed = 53,512,260 bps
    Mode = 1080/24pN
    PCR Timing Interval = 0.095 seconds
    Clip Time = 0:00:29.70
    Average Total Bitrate = 56,721,410
    Average Video Bitrate = 54,970,292
    Average Audio Bitrate = 236,014
    Average Other Bitrate = 1,515,104
    Max GOP Size = 930,432 Bytes (7,443,456 bits)
    Video Frame Size (Min/Ave/Max)= 27,456 / 292,608 / 734,976

    For some reason it plays like shit on Vimeo, so download the original!
  • telkitachkitelkitachki
    Why do not you test GOP1 with gh2? It must be more stable than gh1 GOP1. At gh1 it works when you set max bitrate and overall bitrate to 85000000 - 12000000. Or this numbers are not possible with gh2?
  • olegkalyanolegkalyan
    kae, thank you, look forward to use your latest preset, already have good result with 42 mbs preset from you.
    have you tried 6 GOP in 24H mode?
  • kaekae
    @ninose

    Yeah, I would love to be able to delete them all as some have iterations aren't optimum. What I use everyday is the latest and is attached. 24L records funny so don't use it. 24H is fine with the ever present 10 frame glitch in front. The other modes are at 12 GOP for stability's sake. 6 GOP on those modes will work but I have stability issues with them sometime. The 1080i/50 is always iffy as the GOP is locked to 3 because of the 24p GOP setting - so if you have to shoot 1080i/50 be forewarned.
    KAE65M1080_24P_3GOPand42M720_1080i_12GOP.zip
    511B
  • ninoseninose
    Hi Kae,

    Can you direct me to your latest 65 Mbps GOP 3 patch? It seems you have several versions on this thread and I'm not sure if I have the latest. I downloaded a patch today but my GH2 wouldn't play back the clips. But no problem playing back on the computer after importing into FCP7. Still I'd prefer to use one of your 65 Mbps GOP 3 patches that can also be played back in the GH2. Thanks very much in advance.
  • kaekae
    65mb/s 3 GOP Work Flow ????

    For kicks did a quick a low GOP work flow test to see if I could get results that were visually indistinguishable motion-wise when transcoded to blu-ray from the original clip's extreme 3 GOP settings. I started with a heavy camera and subject motion 3GOP test clip using the 14-140 with auto shutter (shutter's probably working at 80-100) iso 640, F4, dynamic mode, settings at detente, no ois and ingested it into the Avid using the DNXHD175x 10 bit intraframe codec (the best they offer) and then graded it using the stock Magic Bullet Blockbuster preset (Tony Scott bleach bypass look). I exported using a quicktime reference mov (no transcode from the Avid) into TMPGenc Xpress and encoded using their BluRay 32k preset BUT I set it to VBR 2 pass and 3 GOP. The blu-ray transcode (123 megs) is half the size of the original clip and is visually indistinguishable from it (especially the motion - I went through it frame by frame) - no extra blurring. Add some grain and I think anyone would have a hard time telling this from 35mm shot with a fast shutter.

    The original is here and is really the only way to evaluate it: http://www.filesonic.com/file/1606622101

    ***Change the file extension to .mpg before or after download, pop into the usb port on your blu-ray player and watch on a full hd capable LCD.

  • kaekae
    @CANTU

    Nice stuff. But Vimeo just can't encode motion worth a damn, I gave up on them. Everything I try to encode with heavy panning or motion stutters like your stuff so I don't even post it. For kicks try uploading to You Tube. Their 1080P doesn't quite look as clean as Vimeo's 720P but the motion doesn't stutter.

    Edit: just downloaded your original and the stutter isn't there. Heavy noise though, did you shoot at 2500-3200iso? And there are some edit glitches. What nle did you use, how did you ingest it and what codec did you write the mov file with? You have to be very careful at all these stages.
  • kaekae
    @mpgxsvcd
    'the I frame and B frame data rate was significantly higher for a GOP = 6'

    This is very interesting. What exactly did you shoot and with the motion how could you keep it 'consistent'? Have you tried this with heavy camera motion? Obviously harder to replicate than with motion in front of a stable camera but worth a shot. For motion, I still prefer the 'look' of 3 over the 6 (and I've shot with 6 a lot) but it's a tiny difference. I wonder if motion can be captured more accurately with 8 I frames and 16 B frames per second (3 GOP) or 4 I frames 4 P Frames and 16 B frames per second (6 GOP)?
  • CANTUCANTU
    For what its worth - Went out and filmed this last night with Kae's 3GOP 65mbps hack.

    GH23 - thanks Vitaly!
    1080 24p
    ISO 3200 on all shots
    Lumix 14mm f2.5
    OPTEX 1.33x Anamorphic
    KAE 3GOP 65MBPS
    Magic Bullet - Exposure increase only
    Exported at 1920x807

    Lesson Learned:

    1. Definitely need a Class 10 SDHC card. My Class 6 constantly crashes after 7-8 seconds on high contrast shots. Other shots seem to film fine.

    2. Video seems to buffer during these "crashed" shots as well.


  • mpgxsvcdmpgxsvcd
    I just did some quick and dirty tests but I kept everything consistent. A GOP of 3 with Kae's settings is definitely superior to a GOP of 12 for 1080p. The bit rate for the I and the B frames is identical for both the only difference is that you replace I frames for the P frames and the B frames stay the same.

    However, the I frame and B frame data rate was significantly higher for a GOP = 6. In fact the P frame data rate for GOP = 6 is actually very close to the data rate of the I frames for a GOP = 3. Visually the two files look the same. And their total file sizes were almost identical.

    I will redo the test with more scientific procedures but this might finally show us some clear answers as to what is happening.

  • stoneystoney
    The end goal can't be how high bitrate we can squeeze. At least that's what the short GOP patch seems. But the reason why high bitrate becomes critical to short GOP is that I frames might choke the bandwidth for B frames. So high bitrate is just a mean to stabilize short GOP. That's all.

    Intuitively when entire scene is changing fast, B and P frame optimizations make no sense. More likely to lead weird artifacts. That's where short GOP shines... I guess.

    We focus on maximum number of I-frames per second. But it seems... we should focus on minimum number of B-frames per second. Basically same thing, but B-frame's behavior needs to be analyzed. @cbrandin's quantization study seems intriguing. Tame the B-frames!!!
  • LPowellLPowell
    As cbrandin explained in his frame-rate cadence thread:

    http://www.personal-view.com/talks/discussion/588/i-call-bs-on-the-cadence-problem#Item_29

    When the encoder reaches its bitrate limit, P-frames can be degraded in an unnatural manner that can never occur in I-frames. If the encoder is forced to skip over certain P-frame macroblocks (because it lacks sufficient bitrate to encode them), macroblocks from the previous frame may appear instead, mixed in with properly encoded P-frame macroblocks. This can cause a motley effect where certain sections of a moving object appear to remain stationary, or update less frequently than other sections.

    In such bitrate-starved conditions, a 3-frame GOP (which replaces all P-frames with I-frames) may turn out to degrade in a more natural-looking manner. With I-frames, the encoder cannot skip any macroblocks, it must encode everything from scratch. At worst, it may be forced to produce muddy macroblocks, but it will not reuse stale sections of previous frames.
  • mpgxsvcdmpgxsvcd
    @Kae

    Here is an interesting development. Kae your low settings do not exhibit the low bit rate first GOP that the high 1080p setting does. It also works for GOP = 12 as well. This means that you can get greater than 32 mb/sec with no adverse affects by using the low settings. I have not determined whether it is better with GOP = 3 or GOP = 12 yet though. At least it doesn't mess up the first frames.
  • Vitaliy_KiselevVitaliy_Kiselev
    @cbrandin
    @mpgxsvcd

    Please use proper topic (encoder related), this one is more about low GOP settings.
    For most topic readers I think all this encoder talk make no sense.
  • kaekae
    @cbrandin

    Is the reason ptools is capped at 65m for 24H due to some hardware limitation of the cam? Or is it conceivable that you and Vitaliy can hack this to let us go even higher assuming B frames would encode and behave efficiently?
  • cbrandincbrandin
    The next release of PTool will probably fix these issues. We have found a couple of things that are probably causing this.

    The difference between the two settings may be because of buffering. The Gh2 codec is smart enough to slow itself down when it runs out of buffer space.

    Chris
  • mpgxsvcdmpgxsvcd
    Here is a good example of what I am seeing at 32 mb/sec and 25 mb/sec with a GOP of 3.

    The first stream parser is from 32 mb/sec High settings. It starts off with a nice cadence and then it drops to lower bit rate values for the rest of the clip.

    The second stream parser is from 25 mb/sec Low settings. It stays consistent throughout the whole clip. With Kae's recent 65 mb/sec settings I see the same consistency throughout the clip. However, I am not sure if the increase in total bit rate is enough to account for the extra I frames.

    For some reason I can't upload the pictures right now. It just times out.
  • mpgxsvcdmpgxsvcd
    @cbrandin

    I haven't got a buffer overrun with the latest Kae GOP settings. Those appear to be stable for the high settings. They aren't stable for the low settings but that point is minor. I still think that GOP = 3 might produce a preferred picture because it simply is pumping out such a high bit rate with so many I frames at what is a relatively low frame rate(24p). All of those things are good for not only motion estimation but also detail.

    I just want to see some evidence that proves it. I am trying to get that now. However, I don't have the means to do a scientific test at this moment.
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