PhotonsToPhotos has an interactive ray tracer call the Optical Bench with a large number of optical prescriptions from patents.

Optical prescriptions that appear to correspond to production lenses are of particular interest and over 400 are organized into the Optical Bench Hub. The Optical Bench Hub is probably the best place to start.

In addition to the Optical Bench there is an Optics Primer that people may find interesting reading.

The Optical Bench has a many features and if things aren't obvious as you play with it check out the Help button. The help is a little out-of-date, for example the Zoom and Focus slider features are quite new and not documented yet (but a lot of fun!).

To whet your appetite I'll attach a screenshot showing the recently announced Canon RF100mm F2.8 L Macro IS US.