Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to image classification. Here, we extend this application to data
generated by a camera comprised of only a standard CMOS image sensor with no lens. We first created a
database of lensless images of handwritten digits. Then, we trained a ML algorithm on this dataset. Finally, we demonstrated that the trained ML algorithm is able to classify the digits with accuracy as high as 99% for 2
digits. Our approach clearly demonstrates the potential for non-human cameras in machine-based decisionmaking scenarios.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00408